There is no quick fix, no easy fix - the job needs doing right.
You wont be able to get screws to hold reliably in sealant so will have to glass up all the holes and redrill them if you go down that road.
Through bolting will work but unless the hole is in good tight condition, even a light bump on the rubbing strip will be likely to break the bond between the sealant and the bolt thread and start a leak. If the strip gets a severe ding or catches on something, you are likely to get a lot of damage round the bolt holes
Personally, I'd get aluminium closed end pop rivets with an aluminium mandrel (don't mix metals due to corrosion) and install each with a dab of sealant. If the hole is slightly enlarged and there is inside access, a close fitting stainless washer can be used on the inside, but badly wallowed out holes will need glassing up and redrilling. The mandrel holes in all rivet heads must be plugged or carefully filled with sealant to minimise corrosion which would weaken the body of the rivet. Make sure you use countersunk head rivets and that the head ends up slightly below the rubbing strip surface so a ding that compresses the sealant slightly doesn't force the rivet in, breaking the bond between it and the hole sides and starting a leak.
Aluminium is not an easy metal to adhesively bond due to the oxide layer that rapidly forms on freshly cut surfaces. If you rebed the whole rubbing strip, you will need to sand the back of it to clean metal, then after cleaning and degreasing, lightly sand the surface and IMMEDIATELY smear with a very thin coat of sealant to get a good bond. Once that's done, you have as long as that coat remains even slightly tacky to get it bedded in place with additional sealant. Another approach is to sand through a puddle of G4 pond sealer (to exclude atmospheric oxygen) then wipe off leaving a trace behind as a primer. Its polyurethane based so polyurethane sealants bond well to it while its still tacky. If you let it dry past that you will need to sand it off and start over.